SAINT PATRICK
Apostle of Ireland, born at Kilpatrick, near Dumbarton, in Scotland, in the year 387; died at Saul,
Downpatrick, Ireland, 17 March, 493. [Some sources say 460 or 461]
He had
for his parents Calphurnius and Conchessa. The former belonged to a Roman family of high rank and held the office of decurio
in Gaul or Britain. Conchessa was a near relative of the great patron of Gaul, St. Martin of Tours. Kilpatrick still retains
many memorials of Saint Patrick, and frequent pilgrimages continued far into the Middle Ages to perpetuate there the fame
of his sanctity and miracles.
In his sixteenth year, Patrick was carried off into
captivity by Irish marauders and was sold as a slave to a chieftan named Milchu in Dalriada, a territory of the present county
of Antrim in Ireland, where for six years he tended his master's flocks in the valley of the Braid and on the slopes of
Slemish, near the modern town of Ballymena. He relates in his "Confessio" that during his captivity while tending
the flocks he prayed many times in the day: "the love of God", he added,
and His fear increased
in me more and more, and the faith grew in me, and the spirit was roused, so that, in a single day, I have said as many as
a hundred prayers, and in the night nearly the same, so that whilst in the woods and on the mountain, even before the dawn,
I was roused to prayer and felt no hurt from it, whether there was snow or ice or rain; nor was there any slothfulness in
me, such as I see now, because the spirit was then fervent within me.
In the ways of a benign Providence the six years of Patrick's captivity became a remote preparation
for his future apostolate. He acquired a perfect knowledge of the Celtic tongue in which he would one day announce the glad
tidings of Redemption, and, as his master Milchu was a druidical high priest, he became familiar with all the details of Druidism
from whose bondage he was destined to liberate the Irish race.
Admonished
by an angel he after six years fled from his cruel master and bent his steps towards the west. He relates in his "Confessio"
that he had to travel about 200 miles; and his journey was probably towards Killala Bay and onwards thence to Westport. He
found a ship ready to set sail and after some rebuffs was allowed on board. In a few days he was among his friends once more
in Britain, but now his heart was set on devoting himself to the service of God in the sacred ministry. We meet with him at
St. Martin's monastery at Tours, and again at the island sanctuary of Lérins which was just then acquiring widespread
renown for learning and piety; and wherever lessons of heroic perfection in the exercise of Christian life could be acquired,
thither the fervent Patrick was sure to bend his steps. No sooner had St. Germain entered on his great mission at Auxerre
than Patrick put himself under his guidance, and it was at that great bishop's hands that Ireland's future apostle
was a few years later promoted to the priesthood. It is the tradition in the territory of the Morini that Patrick under St.
Germain's guidance for some years was engaged in missionary work among them. When Germain commissioned by the Holy See
proceeded to Britain to combat the erroneous teachings of Pelagius, he chose Patrick to be one of his missionary companions
and thus it was his privilege to be associated with the representative of Rome in the triumphs that ensued over heresy and
Paganism, and in the many remarkable events of the expedition, such as the miraculous calming of the tempest at sea, the visit
to the relics at St. Alban's shrine, and the Alleluia victory. Amid all these scenes, however, Patrick's thoughts
turned towards Ireland, and from time to time he was favoured with visions of the children from Focluth, by the Western sea,
who cried to him: "O holy youth, come back to Erin, and walk once more amongst us."
Pope St. Celestine I, who rendered immortal service to the Church by the overthrow of the Pelagian and
Nestorian heresies, and by the imperishable wreath of honour decreed to the Blessed Virgin in the General Council of Ephesus,
crowned his pontificate by an act of the most far-reaching consequences for the spread of Christianity and civilization, when
he entrusted St. Patrick with the mission of gathering the Irish race into the one fold of Christ. Palladius had already received
that commission, but terrified by the fierce opposition of a Wicklow chieftain had abandoned the sacred enterprise. It was
St. Germain, Bishop of Auxerre, who commended Patrick to the pope. The writer of St. Germain's Life in the ninth century,
Heric of Auxerre, thus attests this important fact: "Since the glory of the father shines in the training of the children,
of the many sons in Christ whom St. Germain is believed to have had as disciples in religion, let it suffice to make mention
here, very briefly, of one most famous, Patrick, the special Apostle of the Irish nation, as the record of his work proves.
Subject to that most holy discipleship for 18 years, he drank in no little knowledge in Holy Scripture from the stream of
so great a well-spring. Germain sent him, accompanied by Segetius, his priest, to Celestine, Pope of Rome, approved of by
whose judgement, supported by whose authority, and strengthened by whose blessing, he went on his way to Ireland." It
was only shortly before his death that Celestine gave this mission to Ireland's apostle and on that occasion bestowed
on him many relics and other spiritual gifts, and gave him the name "Patercius" or "Patritius", not as
an honorary title, but as a foreshadowing of the fruitfulness and merit of his apostolate whereby he became pater civium (the
father of his people). Patrick on his return journey from Rome received at Ivrea the tidings of the death of Palladius, and
turning aside to the neighboring city of Turin received episcopal consecration at the hands of its great bishop, St. Maximus,
and thence hastened on to Auxerre to make under the guidance of St. Germain due preparations for the Irish mission.
It was probably in the summer months of the year 433, that Patrick and his companions
landed at the mouth of the Vantry River close by Wicklow Head. The Druids were at once in arms against him. But Patrick was
not disheartened. The intrepid missionary resolved to search out a more friendly territory in which to enter on his mission.
First of all, however, he would proceed towards Dalriada, where he had been a slave, to pay the price of ransom to his former
master, and in exchange for the servitude and cruelty endured at his hands to impart to him the blessings and freedom of God's
children. He rested for some days at the islands off the Skerries coast, one of which still retains the name of Inis-Patrick,
and he probably visited the adjoining mainland, which in olden times was known as Holm Patrick. Tradition fondly points out
the impression of St. Patrick's foot upon the hard rock -- off the main shore, at the entrance to Skerries harbour. Continuing
his course northwards he halted at the mouth of the River Boyne. A number of the natives there gathered around him and heard
with joy in their own sweet tongue the glad tidings of Redemption. There too he performed his first miracle on Irish soil
to confirm the honour due to the Blessed Virgin, and the Divine birth of our Saviour. Leaving one of his companions to continue
the work of instruction so auspiciously begun, he hastened forward to Strangford Loughand there quitting his boat continued
his journey over land towards Slemish. He had not proceeded far when a chieftain, named Dichu, appeared on the scene to prevent
his further advance. He drew his sword to smite the saint, but his arm became rigid as a statue and continued so until he
declared himself obedient to Patrick. Overcome by the saint's meekness and miracles, Dichu asked for instruction and made
a gift of a large sabhall (barn), in which the sacred mysteries were offered up. This was the first sanctuary dedicated by
St. Patrick in Erin. It became in later years a chosen retreat of the saint. A monastery and church were erected there, and
the hallowed site retains the name Sabhall (pronounced Saul) to the present day. Continuing his journey towards Slemish, the
saint was struck with horror on seeing at a distance the fort of his old master Milchu enveloped in flames. The fame of Patrick's
marvelous power of miracles preceeded him. Milchu, in a fit of frenzy, gathered his treasures into his mansion and setting
it on fire, cast himself into the flames. An ancient record adds: "His pride could not endure the thought of being vanquished
by his former slave".
Returning to Saul, St. Patrick learned from Dichu
that the chieftains of Erin had been summoned to celebrate a special feast at Tara by Leoghaire, who was the Ard-Righ, that
is, the Supreme Monarch of Ireland. This was an opportunity which Patrick would not forego; he would present himself before
the assembly, to strike a decisive blow against the Druidism that held the nation captive, and to secure freedom for the glad
tidings of Redemption of which he was the herald. As he journeyed on he rested for some days at the house of a chieftain named
Secsnen, who with his household joyfully embraced the Faith. The youthful Benen, or Benignus, son of the chief, was in a special
way captivated by the Gospel doctrines and the meekness of Patrick. Whilst the saint slumbered he would gather sweet-scented
flowers and scatter them over his bosom, and when Patrick was setting out, continuing his journey towards Tara, Benen clung
to his feet declaring that nothing would sever him from him. "Allow him to have his way", said St. Patrick to the
chieftain, "he shall be heir to my sacred mission." Thenceforth Benen was the inseparable companion of the saint,
and the prophecy was fulfilled, for Benen is named among the "comhards" or sucessors of St. Patrick in Armagh.
It was on 26 March, Easter Sunday, in 433, that the eventful assembly was to
meet at Tara, and the decree went forth that from the preceeding day the fires throughout the kingdom should be extinguished
until the signal blaze was kindled at the royal mansion. The chiefs and Brehons came in full numbers and the druids too would
muster all their strength to bid defiance to the herald of good tidings and to secure the hold of their superstition on the
Celtic race, for their demoniac oracles had announced that the messenger of Christ had come to Erin. St. Patrick arrived at
the hill of Slane, at the opposite extremity of the valley from Tara, on Easter Eve, in that year the feast of the Annunciation,
and on the summit of the hill kindled the Paschal fire. The druids at once raised their voice. "O King", (they said)
"live for ever; this fire, which has been lighted in defiance of the royal edict, will blaze for ever in this land unless
it be this very night extinguished." By order of the king and the agency of the druids, repeated attempts were made to
extinguish the blessed fire and to punish with death the intruder who had disobeyed the royal command. But the fire was not
extinguished and Patrick shielded by the Divine power came unscathed from their snares and assaults. On Easter Day the missionary
band having at their head the youth Benignus bearing aloft a copy of the Gospels, and followed by St. Patrick who with mitre
and crozier was arrayed in full episcopal attire, proceeded in processional order to Tara. The druids and magicians put forth
all their strength and employed all their incantations to maintain their sway over the Irish race, but the prayer and faith
of Patrick achieved a glorious triumph. The druids by their incantations overspread the hill and surrounding plain with a
cloud of worse than Egyptian darkness. Patrick defied them to remove that cloud, and when all their efforts were made in vain,
at his prayer the sun sent forth its rays and the brightest sunshine lit up the scene. Again by demoniac power the Arch-Druid
Lochru, like Simon Magus of old, was lifted up high in the air, but when Patrick knelt in prayer the druid from his flight
was dashed to pieces upon a rock.
Thus was the final blow given to paganism in the
presence of all the assembled chieftains. It was, indeed, a momentous day for the Irish race. Twice Patrick pleaded for the
Faith before Leoghaire. The king had given orders that no sign of respect was to be extended to the strangers, but at the
first meeting the youthful Erc, a royal page, arose to show him reverence; and at the second, when all the chieftains were
assembled, the chief-bard Dubhtach showed the same honour to the saint. Both these heroic men became fervent disciples of
the Faith and bright ornaments of the Irish Church. It was on this second solemn occasion that St. Patrick is said to have
plucked a shamrock from the sward, to explain by its triple leaf and single stem, in some rough way, to the assembled chieftains,
the great doctrine of the Blessed Trinity. On that bright Easter Day, the triumph of religion at Tara was complete. The Ard-Righ
granted permission to Patrick to preach the Faith throughout the length and breadth of Erin, and the druidical prophecy like
the words of Balaam of old would be fulfilled: the sacred fire now kindled by the saint would never be extinguished.
The beautiful prayer of St. Patrick, popularly known as "St. Patrick's
Breast-Plate", is supposed to have been composed by him in preparation for this victory over Paganism. The following
is a literal translation from the old Irish text:
I bind to myself today
The strong virtue of the Invocation of the Trinity:
I believe the
Trinity in the Unity
The Creator of the Universe.
I bind to myself today
The virtue of the Incarnation of Christ with His Baptism,
The virtue of
His crucifixion with His burial,
The virtue of His Resurrection with His Ascension,
The virtue of
His coming on the Judgement Day.
I bind to myself today
The virtue of the love of seraphim,
In the obedience of angels,
In the hope of resurrection unto reward,
In prayers of Patriarchs,
In predictions of Prophets,
In preaching of Apostles,
In faith of Confessors,
In purity of holy Virgins,
In deeds of righteous men.
I bind to myself today
The power of Heaven,
The light of the sun,
The brightness of the moon,
The splendour of fire,
The flashing of lightning,
The swiftness of wind,
The depth of sea,
The stability of earth,
The compactness of rocks.
I bind to myself today
God's Power to guide me,
God's Might to uphold me,
God's Wisdom to teach me,
God's Eye to watch over me,
God's Ear to hear me,
God's Word to give me speech,
God's Hand to guide me,
God's Way to lie before me,
God's Shield to shelter me,
God's Host to secure me,
Against the snares of demons,
Against the seductions of vices,
Against the lusts of nature,
Against everyone who meditates injury to me,
Whether far or
near,
Whether few or with many.
I invoke today all these virtues
Against every hostile merciless
power
Which may assail my body and my soul,
Against the incantations of false
prophets,
Against the black laws of heathenism,
Against the false laws of heresy,
Against the deceits of idolatry,
Against the spells of women,
and smiths, and druids,
Against every knowledge that binds the soul of man.
Christ, protect me today
Against every poison, against burning,
Against drowning, against death-wound,
That I may receive abundant reward.
Christ with me, Christ before me,
Christ behind me, Christ within
me,
Christ beneath me, Christ above me,
Christ at my right, Christ at
my left,
Christ in the fort,
Christ in the chariot seat,
Christ in the poop [deck],
Christ in the heart of everyone who thinks of me,
Christ in the
mouth of everyone who speaks to me,
Christ in every eye that sees
me,
Christ in every ear that hears me.
I bind to myself today
The strong virtue of an invocation of the Trinity,
I believe the
Trinity in the Unity
The Creator of the Universe.
St. Patrick remained during Easter week at Slane
and Tara, unfolding to those around him the lessons of Divine truth. Meanwhile the national games were being celebrated a
few miles distant at Tailten (now Telltown) in connection with the royal feast. St. Patrick proceeding thither solemnly administered
baptism to Conall, brother of the Ard-Righ Leoghaire, on Wednesday, 5 April. Benen and others had already been privately gathered
into the fold of Christ, but this was the first public administering of baptism, recognized by royal edict, and hence in the
ancient Irish Kalendars to the fifth of April is assigned "the beginning of the Baptism of Erin". This first Christian
royal chieftain made a gift to Patrick of a site for a church which to the present day retains the name of Donagh-Patrick.
The blessing of heaven was with Conall's family. St. Columba is reckoned among his descendants, and many of the kings
of Ireland until the eleventh century were of his race. St. Patrick left some of his companions to carry on the work of evangelization
in Meath, thus so auspiciously begun. He would himself visit the other territories. Some of the chieftains who had come to
Tara were from Focluth, in the neighbourhood of Killala, in Connaught, and as it was the children of Focluth who in vision
had summoned him to return to Ireland, he resolved to accompany those chieftains on their return, that thus the district of
Focluth would be among the first to receive the glad tidings of Redemption. It affords a convincing proof of the difficulties
that St. Patrick had to overcome, that though full liberty to preach the Faith throughout Erin was granted by the monarch
of Leoghaire, nevertheless, in order to procure a safe conduct through the intervening territories whilst proceeding towards
Connaught he had to pay the price of fifteen slaves. On his way thither, passing through Granard he learned that at Magh-Slecht,
not far distant, a vast concourse was engaged in offering worship to the chief idol Crom-Cruach. It was a huge pillar-stone,
covered with slabs of gold and silver, with a circle of twelve minor idols around it. He proceeded thither, and with his crosier
smote the chief idol that crumbled to dust; the others fell to the ground. At Killala he found the whole people of the territory
assembled. At his preaching, the king and his six sons, with 12,000 of the people, became docile to the Faith. He spent seven
years visiting every district of Connaught, organizing parishes, forming dioceses, and instructing the chieftains and people.
On the occasion of his first visit to Rathcrogan, the royal seat
of the kings of Connaught, situated near Tulsk, in the County of Roscommon, a remarkable incident occurred, recorded in many
of the authentic narratives of the saint's life. Close by the clear fountain of Clebach, not far from the royal abode,
Patrick and his venerable companions had pitched their tents and at early dawn were chanting the praises of the Most High,
when the two daughters of the Irish monarch -- Ethne, the fair, and Fedelm, the ruddy -- came thither, as was their wont,
to bathe. Astonished at the vision that presented itself to them, the royal maidens cried out: "Who are ye, and whence
do ye come? Are ye phantoms, or fairies, or friendly mortals?" St. Patrick said to them: "It were better you would
adore and worship the one true God, whom we announce to you, than that you would satisfy your curiosity by such vain questions."
And then Ethne broke forth into the questions:
"Who is God?"
"And where is God?"
"Where is His dwelling?"
"Has He sons and daughters?"
"Is He rich in silver and
gold?"
"Is He everlasting? is He beautiful?"
"Are His
daughters dear and lovely to the men of this world?"
"Is He on
the heavens or on earth?"
"In the sea, in rivers, in mountains, in valleys?"
"Make Him
known to us. How is He to be seen?"
"How is He to be loved?
How is He to be found?"
"Is it in youth or is it in old age that He may be found?"
But St. Patrick, filled with the Holy Ghost, made answer:
"God, whom we announce to you, is the Ruler of all things."
"The God of heaven and earth, of the sea and the rivers."
"The God of the sun, and the moon, and all the stars."
"The God
of the high mountains and of the low-lying valleys."
"The God
who is above heaven, and in heaven, and under heaven."
"His dwelling
is in heaven and earth, and the sea, and all therein."
"He gives
breath to all."
"He gives life to all."
"He is over all."
"He upholds all."
"He gives light to the sun."
"He imparts splendour to the moon."
"He has made
wells in the dry land, and islands in the ocean."
"He has appointed
the stars to serve the greater lights."
"His Son is co-eternal and
co-equal with Himself."
"The Son is not younger than the Father."
"And the
Father is not older than the Son."
"And the Holy Ghost proceeds
from them."
"The Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost are undivided."
"But I desire by Faith to unite you to the Heavenly King, as you are daughters of an earthly
king."
The maidens, as if with one voice and one heart,
said: "Teach us most carefully how we may believe in the Heavenly King; show us how we may behold Him face to face, and
we will do whatsoever you shall say to us."
And when he had instructed
them he said to them: "Do you believe that by baptism you put off the sin inherited from the first parents."
They answered: "We believe."
"Do you believe in penance after sin?"
"We
believe."
"Do you believe in life after death?"
Do you believe in resurrection on the Day of Judgement?"
"We
believe."
"Do you believe in the unity of the Church?"
"We believe."
Then they were baptized, and were clothed in white garments. And they besought that they might behold the face of
Christ. And the saint said to them: "You cannot see the face of Christ unless you taste death, and unless you receive
the Sacrifice." They answered: "Give us the Sacrifice, so that we may be able to behold our Spouse." And the
ancient narrative adds: "when they received the Eucharist of God, they slept in death, and they were placed upon a couch,
arrayed in their white baptismal robes."
In 440 St. Patrick
entered on the special work of the conversion of Ulster. Under the following year, the ancient annalists relate a wonderful
spread of the Faith throughout the province. In 444 a site for a church was granted at Armagh by Daire, the chieftain of the
district. It was in a valley at the foot of a hill, but the saint was not content. He had special designs in his heart for
that district, and at length the chieftain told him to select in his territory any site he would deem most suitable for his
religious purpose. St. Patrick chose that beautiful hill on which the old cathedral of Armagh stands. As he was marking out
the church with his companions, they came upon a doe and fawn, and the saint's companions would kill them for food; but
St. Patrick would not allow them to do so, and, taking the fawn upon his shoulders, and followed by the doe, he proceeded
to a neighbouring hill, and laid down the fawn, and announced that there, in future times, great glory would be given to the
Most High. It was precisely upon that hill thus fixed by St. Patrick that, a few years ago, there was solemnly dedicated the
new and beautiful Catholic cathedral of Armagh. A representative of the Holy See presided on the occasion, and hundreds of
priests and bishops were gathered there; and, indeed, it might truly be said, the whole Irish race on that occasion offered
up that glorious cathedral to the Most High as tribute to their united faith and piety, and their never-failing love of God.
From Ulster St. Patrick probably proceeded to Meath to consolidate
the organization of the communities there, and thence he continued his course through Leinster. Two of the saint's most
distinguished companions, St. Auxilius and St. Iserninus, had the rich valley of the Liffey assigned to them. The former's
name is still retained in the church which he founded at Killossy, while the latter is honoured as the first Bishop of Kilcullen.
As usual, St. Patrick's primary care was to gather the ruling chieftains into the fold. At Naas, the royal residence in
those days, he baptised two sons of the King of Leinster. Memorials of the saint still abound in the district -- the ruins
of the ancient church which he founded, his holy well, and the hallowed sites in which the power of God was shown forth in
miracles. At Sletty, in the immediate neighborhood of Carlow, St. Fiacc, son of the chief Brehon, Dubthach, was installed
as bishop, and for a considerable time that see continued to be the chief centre of religion for all Leinster. St. Patrick
proceeded through Gowran into Ossory; here he erected a church under the invocation of St. Martin, near the present city of
Kilkenny, and enriched it with many precious relics which he had brought from Rome. It was in Leinster, on the borders of
the present counties of Kildare and Queen's, that Odhran, St. Patrick's charioteer, attained the martyr's crown.
The chieftain of that district honoured the demon-idol, Crom Cruach, with special worship, and, on hearing of that idol being
cast down, vowed to avenge the insult by the death of our apostle. Passing through the territory, Odhran overheard the plot
that was being organized for the murder of St. Patrick, and as they were setting out in the chariot to continue their journey,
asked the saint, as a favour, to take thereins, and to allow himself, for the day, to hold the place of honour and rest. This
was granted, and scarcely had they set out when a well-directed thrust of a lance pierced the heart of the devoted charioteer,
who thus, by changing places, saved St. Patrick's life, and won for himself the martyr's crown.
St. Patrick next proceeded to Munster. As usual, his efforts were directed to combat error in the chief
centres of authority, knowing well that, in the paths of conversion, the kings and chieftains would soon be followed by their
subjects. At "Cashel of the Kings" he was received with great enthusiasm, the chiefs and Brehons and people welcoming
him with joyous acclaim. While engaged in the baptism of the royal prince Aengus, son of the King of Munster, the saint, leaning
on his crosier, pierced with its sharp point the prince's foot. Aengus bore the pain unmoved. When St. Patrick, at the
close of the ceremony, saw the blood flow, and asked him why he had been silent, he replied, with genuine heroism, that he
thought it might be part of the ceremony, a penalty for the joyous blessings of the Faith that were imparted. The saint admired
his heroism, and, taking the chieftain's shield, inscribed on it a cross with the same point of the crozier, and promised
that that shield would be the signal of countless spiritual and temporal triumphs.
Our apostle spent a considerable time in the present County of Limerick. The fame of his miracles and sanctity had
gone before him, and the inhabitants of Thomond and northern Munster, crossing the Shannon in their frail coracles, hastened
to receive his instruction. When giving his blessing to them on the summit of the hill of Finnime, looking out on the rich
plains before him, he is said to have prophesied the coming of St. Senanus: "To the green island in the West, at the
mouth of the sea [i.e., Inis-Cathaigh, now Scattery Island, at the mouth of the Shannon, near Kilrush], the lamp of the people
of God will come; he will be the head of counsel to all this territory." At Sangril (now Singland), in Limerick, and
also in the district of Gerryowen, the holy wells of the saint are pointed out, and the slab of rock, which served for his
bed, and the altar on which every day he offered up the Holy Sacrifice. On the banks of the Suit, and the Blackwater, and
the Lee, wherever the saint preached during the seven years he spent in Munster, a hearty welcome awaited him. The ancient
Life attests: "After Patrick had founded cells and churches in Munster, and had ordained persons of every grade, and
healed the sick, and resuscitated the dead, he bade them farewell, and imparted his blessing to them." The words of this
blessing, which is said to have been given from the hills of Tipperary, as registered in the saint's Life, to which I
have just referred, are particularly beautiful:
A blessing on the Munster people --
Men, youths, and women;
A blessing on the land
That yields them fruit.
A blessing on every treasure
That shall be produced on their
plains,
Without any one being in want of help,
God's blessing be on Munster.
A blessing on their peaks,
On their bare flagstones,
A blessing on their glens,
A blessing on their ridges.
Like the sand of the sea under ships,
Be the number in their hearths;
On slopes, on plains,
On mountains, on hills, a blessing.
St. Patrick continued
until his death to visit and watch over the churches which he had founded in all the provinces in Ireland. He comforted the
faithful in their difficulties, strengthened them in the Faith and in the practice of virtue, and appointed pastors to continue
his work among them. It is recorded in his Life that he consecrated no fewer than 350 bishops. He appointed St. Loman to Trim,
which rivalled Armagh itself in its abundant harvest of piety. St. Guasach, son of his former master, Milchu, became Bishop
of Granard, while the two daughters of the same pagan chieftan founded close by, at Clonbroney, a convent of pious virgins,
and merited the aureola of sanctity. St. Mel, nephew of our apostle, had the charge of Ardagh; St. MacCarthem, who appears
to have been patricularly loved by St. Patrick, was made Bishop of Clogher. The narrative in the ancient Life of the saint
regarding his visit to the district of Costello, in the County of Mayo, serves to illustrate his manner of dealing with the
chieftains. He found, it says, the chief, Ernasc, and his son, Loarn, sitting under a tree, "with whom he remained, together
with his twelve companions, for a week, and they received from him the doctrine of salvation with attentive ear and mind.
Meanwhile he instructed Loarn in the rudiments of learning and piety." A church was erected there, and, in after years,
Loarn was appointed to its charge.
The manifold virtues by which the early saints were
distinguished shone forth in all their perfection in the life of St. Patrick. When not engaged in the work of the sacred ministry,
his whole time was spent in prayer. Many times in the day he armed himself with the sign of the Cross. He never relaxed his
penitential exercises. Clothed in a rough hair-shirt, he made the hard rock his bed. His disinterestedness is specially commemorated.
Countless converts of high rank would cast their precious ornaments at his feet, but all were restored to them. He had not
come to Erin in search of material wealth, but to enrich her with the priceless treasures of the Catholic Faith.
From time to time he withdrew from the spiritual duties of his apostolate to
devote himself wholly to prayer and penance. One of his chosen places of solitude and retreat was the island of Lough Derg,
which, to our own day, has continued to be a favourite resort of pilgrims, and it is known as St. Patrick's Purgatory.
Another theatre of his miraculous power and piety and penitential austerities in the west of Ireland merits particular attention.
In the far west of Connaught there is a range of tall mountains, which, arrayed in rugged majesty, bid defiance to the waves
and storms of the Atlantic. At the head of this range arises a stately cone in solitary grandeur, about 4000 feet in height,
facing Clew Bay, and casting its shadow over the adjoining districts of Aghagower and Westport. This mountain was known in
pagan times as the Eagle Mountain, but ever since Ireland was enlightened with the light of Faith it is known as Croagh Patrick,
i.e. St. Patrick's mountain, and is honoured as the Holy Hill, the Mount Sinai, of Ireland.
St. Patrick, in obedience to his guardian angel, made this mountain his hallowed place of retreat. In
imitation of the great Jewish legislator on Sinai, he spent forty days on its summit in fasting and prayer, and other penitential
exercises. His only shelter from the fury of the elements, the wind and rain, the hail and snow, was a cave, or recess, in
the solid rock; and the flagstone on which he rested his weary limbs at night is still pointed out. The whole purpose of his
prayer was to obtain special blessings and mercy for the Irish race, whom he evangelized. The demons that made Ireland their
battlefield mustered all their strength to tempt the saint and disturb him in his solitude, and turn him away, if possible,
from his pious purpose. They gathered around the hill in the form of vast flocks of hideous birds of prey. So dense were their
ranks that they seemed to cover the whole mountain, like a cloud, and they so filled the air that Patrick could see neither
sky nor earth nor ocean. St. Patrick besought God to scatter the demons, but for a time it would seem as if his prayers and
tears were in vain. At length he rang his sweet-sounding bell, symbol of his preaching of the Divine truths. Its sound was
heard all over the valleys and hills of Erin, everywhere bringing peace and joy. The flocks of demons began to scatter. He
flung his bell among them; they took to precipitate flight, and cast themselves into the ocean. So complete was the saint's
victory over them that, as the ancient narrative adds, "for seven years no evil thing was to be found in Ireland."
The saint, however, would not, as yet, descend from the mountain.
He had vanquished the demons, but he would now wrestle with God Himself, like Jacob of old, to secure the spiritual interests
of his people. The angel had announced to him that, to reward his fidelity in prayer and penance, as many of his people would
be gathered into heaven as would cover the land and sea as far as his vision could reach. Far more ample, however, were the
aspirations of the saint, and he resolved to persevere in fasting and prayer until the fullest measure of his petition was
granted. Again and again the angel came to comfort him, announcing new concessions; but all these would not suffice. He would
not relinquish his post on the mountain, or relax his penance, until all were granted. At length the message came that his
prayers were heard:
W many souls would be free from the pains of purgatory through his intercession;
W whoever in the spirit of penance would recite his hymn before death would attain the heavenly reward;
W barbarian hordes would never obtain sway in his Church;
W seven
years before the Judgement Day, the sea would spread over Ireland to save its people from the temptations and terrors of the
Antichrist; and
W
greatest blessing of all, Patrick himself should be deputed to judge the
whole Irish race on the last day.
W Such were the extraordinary favors
which St. Patrick, with his wrestling with the Most High, his unceasing prayers, his unconquerable love of heavenly things,
and his unremitting penitential deeds, obtained for the people whom he evangelized.
It is sometimes supposed that St. Patrick's apostolate in Ireland was an unbroken series of peaceful triumphs,
and yet it was quite the reverse. No storm of persecution was, indeed stirred up to assail the infant Church, but the saint
himself was subjected to frequent trials at the hands of the druids and of other enemies of the Faith. He tells us in his
"Confessio" that no fewer than twelve times he and his companions were seized and carried off as captives, and on
one occasion in particular he was loaded with chains, and his death was decreed. But from all these trials and sufferings
he was liberated by a benign Providence. It is on account of the many hardships which he endured for the Faith that, in some
of the ancient Martyrologies, he is honoured as a martyr.
St. Patrick,
having now completed his triumph over Paganism, and gathered Ireland into the fold of Christ, prepared for the summons to
his reward. St. Brigid came to him with her chosen virgins, bringing the shroud in which he would be enshrined. It is recorded
that when St. Patrick and St. Brigid were united in their last prayer, a special vision was shown to him. He saw the whole
of Ireland lit up with the brightest rays of Divine Faith. This continued for centuries, and then clouds gathered around the
devoted island, and, little by little, the religious glory faded away, until, in the course of centuries, it was only in the
remotest valleys that some glimmer of its light remained. St. Patrick prayed that the light would never be extinguished, and,
as he prayed, the angel came to him and said: "Fear not: your apostolate shall never cease." As he thus prayed,
the glimmering light grew in brightness, and ceased not until once more all the hills and valleys of Ireland were lit up in
their pristine splendour, and then the angel announced to St. Patrick: "Such shall be the abiding splendour of Divine
truth in Ireland."
At Saul (Sabhall), St. Patrick received the summons
to his reward on 17 March, 493 [See note above -- Ed.]. St. Tassach administered the last sacraments to him. His remains were
wrapped in the shroud woven by St. Brigid's own hands. The bishops and clergy and faithful people from all parts crowded
around his remains to pay due honour to the Father of their Faith. Some of the ancient Lives record that for several days
the light of heaven shone around his bier. His remains were interred at the chieftan's Dun or Fort two miles from Saul,
where in after times arose the cathedral of Down.
WRITINGS OF ST. PATRICK
The "Confessio" and the "Epistola ad Coroticum" are recognized
by all modern critical writers as of unquestionable genuineness. The best edition, with text, translation, and critical notes,
is by Rev. Dr. White for the Royal Irish Academy, in 1905. The 34 canons of a synod held before the year 460 by St. Patrick,
Auxilius, and Isserninus, though rejected by Todd and Haddan, have been placed by Professor Bury beyond the reach of controversy.
Another series of 31 ecclesiastical canons entitled "Synodus secunda Patritii", though unquestionably of Irish origin
and dating before the close of the seventh century, is generally considered to be of a later date than St. Patrick. Two tracts
(in P.L., LIII), entitled "De abusionibus saeculi", and "De Tribus habitaculis", were composed by St.
Patrick in Irish and translated into Latin at a later period. Passages from them are assigned to St. Patrick in the "Collectio
Hibernensis Canonum", which is of unquestionable authority and dates from the year 700 (Wasserschleben, 2nd ed., 1885).
This "Collectio Hibernensis" also assigns to St. Patrick the famous synodical decree: "Si quae quaestiones
in hac insula oriantur, ad Sedem Apostolicam referantur." (If any difficulties arise in this island, let them be referred
to the Apostolic See). The beautiful prayer, known as "Faeth Fiada", or the "Lorica of St. Patrick" (St.
Patrick's Breast-Plate), first edited by Petrie in his "History of Tara", is now universally accepted as genuine.
The "Dicta Sancti Patritii", or brief sayings of the saint, preserved in the "Book of Armagh", are accurately
edited by Fr. Hogan, S.J., in "Documenta de S. Patritio" (Brussels, 1884). The old Irish text of "The Rule
of Patrick" has been edited by O'Keeffe, and a translation by Archbishop Healy in the appendix to his Life of St.
Patrick (Dublin, 1905). It is a tract of venerable antiquity, and embodies the teaching of the saint.
Written by Patrick Francis Cardinal Moran. Transcribed by Mary Doorley
